If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Such explanations did little to lessen the sense of anger among black Democrats. How do you explain the data shown on this map? Corrections? Bush's name appeared at the top of the ballot, sparing most Bush voters from error. George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al. These lawsuits escalated to the U.S. Supreme Court where the final, 5-4 decision was made, ending the recounts and giving the state of Florida's Electoral votes to George W. Bush. Taken together with Florida, those states triggered the network's computer programs to conclude Gore would win the Electoral College. Tanner, Robert and Sharon L. Crenson. About 10 p.m. EST on December 12, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling. *One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. CNN's Gloria Borger explores the 2000 election in a special report Monday at 9 p.m. The NORC study (see below) did not address either of the concerns about overseas absentee ballots and Nassau County's certification change, as their effects were already included in the baseline totals. For example, 21,188 of the Florida overvotes, or nearly one-fifth of the total, originated from Duval County, where the presidential ballot was split across two pages and voters were instructed to "vote every page". Directed by Jay Roach, it starred Kevin Spacey as Ron Klain, Bob Balaban as Benjamin Ginsberg, Ed Begley Jr. as David Boies, Laura Dern as Katherine Harris, John Hurt as Warren Christopher, Denis Leary as Michael Whouley, Bruce McGill as Mac Stipanovich, and Tom Wilkinson as James Baker. [1] The majority held that no alternative method could be established within the discretionary December 12 "safe harbor" deadline set by Title 3 of the United States Code (3 U.S.C. Please select which sections you would like to print: Michael Levy was political science editor (2000-06), executive editor (2006-11), editor of Britannica Blog (2010-11), and director of product content & curriculum (2011-12) at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 7 terms. 34K 2.2M views 4 years ago #HistoryChannel Learn how Florida ended up determining whether Al Gore or George W. Bush would win the U.S. presidency in 2000. The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the tightest race of the campaign (New Mexico was decided by 366 votes but has a much smaller population, representing a 0.061% margin), but also the closest in any United States presidential election ever. At the time, he urged caution, but in the heat of the moment, NPR like other media organizations called the state for Gore. Further, counties and precincts with large black populations disproportionately had technologies where ballots would predictably go uncounted. Based on the review of these ballots, their results indicated that Bush would have won if certain recounting methods had been used (including the one favored by Gore at the time of the Supreme Court decision), but that Gore might have won under other standards and scenarios. That meant he would be president. He and his legal team will need to produce solid evidence of it. For those with memories going back four decades, all this was no accident. The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. "[5], This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. Eighteen years is a long time. Even though four other Optiscan counties (Hamilton, Polk, Seminole, Taylor) manually reviewed machine-rejected ballots for votes to include in their certified totals, Includes increase in Orange County's unofficially revised machine-tabulated vote total, due to machine later counting 512 ballots that were previously machine-rejected ("could not be distinguished from ballots that were accepted and counted they appeared to be properly completed"): Gore 249, Bush 184 (total 433). Brady, Henry E.; Collier, David (2004). Gore garnered 255 electoral votes to Bushs 246, but neither candidate won the 270 electoral votes necessary for victory. Polk, Hamilton, Seminole, and Taylor Counties, which used the more reliable optical scanners, decided to manually examine unreadable ballots (both undervotes and overvotes) during the counties' electronic recounts, in accordance with those counties' existing policies (see. On the other hand, he said, Democrats talked like referees with a fear of pushing too hard, not wanting to be seen as sore losers. Meanwhile, on December 6 the Republican-controlled Florida legislature convened a special session to appoint a slate of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. After a rapid-fire of legal efforts from both parties -- similar to litigation efforts by Trumps campaign -- the Florida Supreme Court officially requested a recount of votes in Floridas 67 counties, which Bush then appealed. Great Britain,France,Germany,Russia,Italy,Japan, Explain five reason why self examination is important. After a five-week legal blitz that virtually ended in the Supreme Court, Bush was named the next president of the United States. When 85 percent of the vote had been counted, news networks declared Bush the winner, though election results in a few heavily Democratic counties had yet to be tallied. Florida state election law required a mandatory statewide machine recount. The standards that were chosen for the NORC study ranged from a "most restrictive" standard (accepts only so-called perfect ballots that machines somehow missed and did not count, or ballots with unambiguous expressions of voter intent) to a "most inclusive" standard (applies a uniform standard of "dimple or better" on punch marks and "all affirmative marks" on optical scan ballots). As the manual recounts continued, the battle to certify the results intensified. Among those making that call were ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, Fox News and The Associated Press. While the stakes might not be quite as high this time, they are nonetheless substantial: the governorship of Florida, a seat in the U.S. Senate, and the office of state agricultural commission. They argue that American democracy is a far stricter, Lockean, Anglo-American system based on the letter of the law and a successful vote cast by a rational, responsible voter. Controversies included: Many voters in Palm Beach County who intended to vote for Gore actually marked their ballots for Pat Buchanan or spoiled their ballots because they found the ballot's layout to be confusing. "Florida Review Shows Narrowest Margin." The vote had been announced by Florida's secretary of state. Florida state law at the time allowed a candidate to request a manual recount by protesting the results of at least three precincts. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. George W. Bush 's two presidential election campaigns (2000, 2004). Shouldn't the electoral college be scrapped then? As the Electoral College vote took shape on election night, with the results piling up from around the country, it was clear the vote in Florida was going to determine not only the winner of that state's 25 electoral votes but the next occupant of the Oval Office. Eventually, the Gore campaign appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, which ordered the recount to proceed. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Where a ballot is so marked as to plainly indicate the voter's choice and intent, it should be counted as marked unless some positive provision of law would be violated. Meanwhile, the Bush campaign worked to stop the recount. Thus the project included a sample within less than 1% of the expected total of votes.[78]. The Constitution has it structured the way it is, and they did it that way. They had won Florida, they insisted. More than 20% of ballots in black precincts of Duval County were rejected because of votes for president on each page. Gore received the most votes, with 48.4% of the popular vote compared to 47.9% for Bush. Aside from this case, also in dispute were the criteria that each county's canvassing board would use in examining the overvotes and/or undervotes. [4][6] According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed.[7]. Preventing the canvassing boards from continuing to conduct recounts beyond the seven-day timeframe (specified in the law, but with ambiguity as to how firm it was intended to be), would "summarily disenfranchise innocent electors [voters]" and could not be allowed unless the recounts continued for so long as to "compromise the integrity of the electoral process." The margin in Florida had shrunk to a sliver and a recount seemed in order. Is this statement in any way correct? Bush won 12 of 23 congressional districts. The only thing that could be done was to recount the votes but that was stopped. What followed was a five-week war over the ballots, the rules, the law and the courts. Am I correct? That first day's results reduced the margin to just over 900 votes. Sauls also rejected Gore's contest of the election result on December 4, and Gore appealed that decision too. The Gore campaign then requested that the disputed ballots in four counties be recounted by hand. Advertisement ", "Data Files NORC Files, Media Group Files", "Now Democrats Are Upset With The Way Lake Counted, Counters Threw Out 3,114 Ballots Because Voters Also Wrote In The Name Of Their Candidate", "No. Under the FAC, a ballot with any other name written in (including Bush and Gore, who were not qualified as write-in candidates) was not an overvote, but rather a valid vote for the candidate whose name was marked by the voter. Before long, other networks were hearing the objections and reaching the same conclusion. On November 9, the Bush campaign announced they had hired George H. W. Bush's former Secretary of State James Baker and Republican political consultant Roger Stone to oversee their legal team, and the Gore campaign hired Bill Clinton's former Secretary of State Warren Christopher..mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}. In the 2000 Election, the State of Florida officials A. declared Al Gore the winner when the recount deadline passed B. decided that the recount should continue in all counties until complete C. decided that the recount procedures went against the U.S. Constitution D. declared George Bush the winner when the recount deadline passed 2 See answers Initial election returns showed that Gore had won the popular vote, but neither candidate had garnered the 270 electoral votes required to win the presidency. Direct link to Edward (Eddie) W.'s post One big question that I h, Posted 2 years ago. Nonetheless, Republicans put significant advertising resources into the state, and later polls indicated that the state was very much in play as late as September 2000. "[51], Although Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer said on November 9 that "Palm Beach County is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there",[52] Buchanan's Florida coordinator, Jim McConnell, responded by calling that "nonsense", and Jim Cunningham, chairman of the executive committee of Palm Beach County's Reform Party, responded, "I don't think so. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. [19]:215221 According to a 2001 study in the American Political Science Review, the voting errors caused by the butterfly ballot cost Gore the election: "Had PBC used a ballot format in the presidential race that did not lead to systematic biased voting errors, our findings suggest that, other things equal, Al Gore would have won a majority of the officially certified votes in Florida. By November 10 the machine recount was complete, and Bushs lead stood at 327 votes out of six million cast. The 2000 presidential election was a pivotal moment in history that ended up with a recount in Florida. A Project of The Annenberg Public Policy Center, Under the two most likely scenarios, Bush Wins Florida, Florida voter errors cost Gore the election. a swing state with challenged votes. The answer to your question is-they could have decided to not send their electoral votes to Congress but they really wanted to send their votes as not sending them would have effectively disenfranchised everyone in Florida . "But," it said, "Gore could not have won without a hand count of overvote ballots, something that he did not request.". In particular, from summer 1999 to spring 2000, Florida's voter list was subject to an unusually high number of problems. The Florida Supreme Court ordered only a recount of so-called "undervotes," about 62,000 ballots where voting machines didnt detect any vote for a presidential candidate. They celebrated on Tuesday night in the belief that their candidates had prevailed. Despite the continued economic growth that Gore could attribute to his economic stewardship with Clinton, early in the general election campaign it appeared that Bush might easily defeat Gore, who appeared wooden and dismissive of Bush in the campaigns debates and who was criticized repeatedly by the Bush campaign as an exaggerator. The project ended up using a sample that was 1,333 votes fewer than the expected total of votes, with most of the variation in Votomatic overvotes, the ballots least likely to yield votes in a recount. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On December 8, the Florida justices, by a 43 vote, rejected the selective use of manual recounts in just four counties and ordered immediate manual recounts of all ballots in the state where no vote for president had been machine-recorded, also known as undervotes. "Florida voter errors cost Gore the election." 9 terms. [78][80], Based on the NORC review, the media group concluded that if the disputes over the validity of all the ballots in question had been consistently resolved and any uniform standard applied, the electoral result would have been reversed and Gore would have won by 60 to 171 votes (with, for each punch ballot, at least two of the three ballot reviewers' codes being in agreement). Bush became the first Republican to win the White House without carrying Palm Beach County since the county's founding in 1909. The only exception: African-Americans. About 19,000 ballots were spoiled because of overvotes (two votes in the same race), compared to 3000 in 1996. The Bush campaign appealed the decision, and the US Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. On election night in November, television news networks initially declared that Gore had won Florida, despite several polls open in Republican-leaning districts, with voters still casting their ballots. The uncertain nature of the later studys findings, which could well apply to both, was aptly and poetically expressed by Palm Beach Post columnist Frank Cerabino: Cerabino: Like sorting grains of sand on a windy day, getting a definitive recount of Floridas votes in last years presidential election has turned out to be an exercise in frustration. "In a per curiam decision, the Court first ruled 72 (Justices Stevens and Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissenting), strictly on equal protection grounds, that the recount be stopped. But the state of the 2020 race is completely different, as Gore stated, than two decades ago. The court ordered counties to submit returns by November 26, until which time the stay of certification would stand.[59]. Undervotes from optical-scan counties, however, correlate with Democratic votes more than Republican votes, and in particular to counties that scanned ballots at a central location rather than at precinct locations. I have Gore on the phone, people are bringing me pages one page at a time. The Court, stating that not meeting the "safe harbor" deadline would therefore violate the Florida Election Code, rejected an extension of the deadline.". The ballot displayed the list of presidential running-mate pairs alternately across two adjacent pages, with a column of punch spaces down the middle. Also at issue was the so-called butterfly ballot design used in Palm Beach county, which caused confusion among some residents who had intended to vote for Goreleading them to inadvertently cast some 3,400 votes for an ultraconservative third-party candidate, Pat Buchanan, which amounted to about 20 percent of his total votes statewide. I get that people would want a shorter or regular-timed election, but a recount would help decide who actually won the election. In a statewide election decided by hundreds, maybe only dozens, of votes, the limitations of the voting machinery compounded with sometimes sloppy custody of the ballots and the slight but measurable biases of allegedly neutral human tabulators make getting precise vote totals virtually impossible. Gore appealed that decision to the Florida Supreme Court. Q: Is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD? In the Election of 2000, Florida was (5 points) Select one: a. first to submit state election results b. a swing state with challenged votes c. overwhelmingly in support of Bush d. overwhelmingly in support of Gore 2 See answers Advertisement HistoryGuy Couldn't they have just redone the entire election? [4], An analysis of the NORC data by University of Pennsylvania researcher Steven F. Freeman and journalist Joel Bleifuss concluded that, no matter what standard is used, after a recount of all uncounted votes, Gore would have been the victor. Due to the narrow margin of the original vote count, Florida Election Code 102.141 mandated a statewide machine recount,[5] which began the day after the election. Three days later, concluding (72) that a fair statewide recount could not be performed in time to meet the December 18 deadline for certifying the states electors, the court issued a controversial 54 decision to reverse the Florida Supreme Courts recount order, effectively awarding the presidency to Bush (see Bush v. Gore).